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A series of authors including ourselves have argued that there is a dominant, if contested, political tradition (the BPT), that is a particular conception of democracy, that underpins to institutions and processes of British polit...
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A series of authors including ourselves have argued that there is a dominant, if contested, political tradition (the BPT), that is a particular conception of democracy, that underpins to institutions and processes of British politics. However, here we argue that the BPT has never been more contested or vulnerable, focusing upon three contemporary challenges, the Scottish question, the rise of anti-politics and the demands to leave the European Union (EU), culminating in BREXIT, although we recognise there are others. At the same time, we contend that the BPT still plays a key role in how the political elite reacts to these challenges; its first response remains to preserve as much of the BPT as possible in changing circumstances. As such, the key question we address here is whether we are witnessing the beginnings of a fundamental shift in the nature of British political democracy, or whether, as so often before, the BPT and its adherents will adapt to, and accommodate, these challenges.
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This article explores of the role of policy transfer in facilitating the rise and consolidation of the Reform and Open Door Policy' in China. It builds upon the seminal Dolowitz and Marsh [Dolowitz, D., and D. Marsh. 1996. Who Lea...
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This article explores of the role of policy transfer in facilitating the rise and consolidation of the Reform and Open Door Policy' in China. It builds upon the seminal Dolowitz and Marsh [Dolowitz, D., and D. Marsh. 1996. Who Learns What From Whom: A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature. Political Studies 44: 343-357; Dolowitz, D., and D. Marsh. 2000. Learning from Abroad: The Role of Policy Transfer in Contemporary Policy-Making. Governance 13 (1): 5-23] framework to provide an examination of processes of administrative policy transfer which it argues are broadly indicative of the dynamics of change underpinning the incremental process of reform. It is observed that the reforms under study have not been characterized by rational policy design underpinned by evidence-based policy-making in which issues of cultural assimilation were emphasized. Rather, the implementation process itself has been used to affect processes of adaptation. Policy transfer in China can best be described as learning by doing.
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While techniques for sampling pond-breeding amphibians are relatively well-established, comparable methods for stream amphibians are still being developed. Uncertainty about sampling techniques is particularly acute for approaches...
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While techniques for sampling pond-breeding amphibians are relatively well-established, comparable methods for stream amphibians are still being developed. Uncertainty about sampling techniques is particularly acute for approaches that involve multiple observers. I evaluated three techniques for sampling stream salamanders with Multiple observers-time-constrained surveys, leaf-litter bags, and controlled-cobble added to the stream. I tested for differences among, techniques. differences among habitats, and technique by habitat interactions. I also asked whether coefficients of variation across observers and sample dates differed among methods and habitats. For all species and life-stages, time-constrained surveys produced higher counts of stream salamanders and greater richness estimates than did leaf-litter bags or controlled-cobble surveys. However, interactions between techniques and habitat were never significant, indicating that all the methods detected similar patterns in counts among stream habitats. Coefficients of variation in single-species counts tended to be higher for time-constrained Surveys, whereas CVs for species richness were significantly lower for time-constrained surveys. Overall, these results suggest that: (1) time-constrained surveys for stream salamanders work surprisingly well even with Multiple observers, (2) leaf-litter bags may be quite useful for single-species studies, but are less effective for multi-species sampling, and (3) control led-cobble added to streams is not particularly effective for sampling salamanders in rocky streams.
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Unsurprisingly, given the surge in support for populist movements across the globe, there has been a resurgence of academic interest in the subject. Our aim in this volume is to explore some of the key issues in these contemporary...
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Unsurprisingly, given the surge in support for populist movements across the globe, there has been a resurgence of academic interest in the subject. Our aim in this volume is to explore some of the key issues in these contemporary debates. In this introduction, we focus upon five of the main questions raised in this literature: What is populism? What variants of it are there? How serious a problem is the rise of populism? Why has there been a rise in populism? And how can populism be addressed?
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Populism is a contested concept. In this conclusion we do not want to rehearse these contestations. Rather, we re-emphasize: the extent of the threat that populism poses for liberal democracy; the failure of most mainstream Econom...
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Populism is a contested concept. In this conclusion we do not want to rehearse these contestations. Rather, we re-emphasize: the extent of the threat that populism poses for liberal democracy; the failure of most mainstream Economists and Political Science to understand the nature of the threat; and the putative ways of renewing democracy.
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The mitigation hierarchy is a decision-making framework designed to address impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services through first seeking to avoid impacts wherever possible, then minimizing or restoring impacts, and finally...
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The mitigation hierarchy is a decision-making framework designed to address impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services through first seeking to avoid impacts wherever possible, then minimizing or restoring impacts, and finally by offsetting any unavoidable impacts. Avoiding impacts is seen by many as the most certain and effective way of managing harm to biodiversity, and its position as the first stage of the mitigation hierarchy indicates that it should be prioritized ahead of other stages. However, despite an abundance of legislative and voluntary requirements, there is often a failure to avoid impacts. We discuss reasons for this failure and outline some possible solutions. We highlight the key roles that can be played by conservation organizations in cultivating political will, holding decision makers accountable to the law, improving the processes of impact assessment and avoidance, building capacity, and providing technical knowledge. A renewed focus on impact avoidance as the foundation of the mitigation hierarchy could help to limit the impacts on biodiversity of large-scale developments in energy, infrastructure, agriculture and other sectors.
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Background: There is consistent evidence showing women access treatment with more severe substance-related profiles relative to men; however, treatment outcome evaluation shows inconclusive results regarding gender differences. Fu...
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Background: There is consistent evidence showing women access treatment with more severe substance-related profiles relative to men; however, treatment outcome evaluation shows inconclusive results regarding gender differences. Furthermore, few studies evaluate response by gender.
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Dodecameric (Sn-12) and hexameric topologies dominate monoalkyltin-oxo cluster chemistry. Their condensation, triggered by radiation exposure, recently produced unprecedented patterning performance in EUV lithography. A new cluste...
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Dodecameric (Sn-12) and hexameric topologies dominate monoalkyltin-oxo cluster chemistry. Their condensation, triggered by radiation exposure, recently produced unprecedented patterning performance in EUV lithography. A new cluster topology was crystallized from industrial nBuSnOOH, and additional characterization techniques indicate other clusters are present. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals a beta-Keggin cluster, which is known but less common than other Keggin isomers in polyoxometalate and polyoxocation chemistry. The structure is formulated [NaO4(BuSn)(12)(OH)(3)(O)(9)(OCH3)(12)(Sn(H2O)(2))] (beta-NaSn13). SAXS, NMR, and ESI MS differentiate beta-NaSn13, Sn-12, and other clusters present in crude "n-BuSnOOH" and highlight the role of Na as a template for alkyltin Keggin clusters. Unlike other alkyltin clusters that are cationic, beta-NaSn13 is neutral. Consequently, it stands as a unique model system, absent of counterions, to study the transformation of clusters to films and nanopatterns.
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The aim of this volume has been to present examples of work on political participation drawn from what we have termed a critical perspective. Here, we shall not summarise these contributions, rather our aim is briefly, given space...
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The aim of this volume has been to present examples of work on political participation drawn from what we have termed a critical perspective. Here, we shall not summarise these contributions, rather our aim is briefly, given space constraints, to highlight some of the issues at stake in this literature and, given that, in our view, the changes in contemporary forms of political participation identified here represent significant challenges for democracy to suggest possible ways forward. We begin with a brief resume of the changing patterns of political participation, perhaps best summed up as decoupling of political authorities and citizens. Subsequently, we turn to the question of how they can be recoupled them.
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